Background: Although the application of damage control surgery for trauma has been widely reported and defined, similar approach in non-trauma patients has not been well detailed.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from non-trauma patients who underwent emergency laparotomy between May 2006 and December 2008. Demographics, indications for surgery and outcome of patients who had definitive laparotomies (DL) and patients who had abbreviated laparotomies (AL) were compared. Appendectomies were excluded.
Results and discussion: Two-hundred ninety-one patients (55% males) were included. Thirty-one (10.7%) underwent AL (58% males). Mean age of patients who had DL and AL was 65 and 62.8 years respectively. Peritonitis and mesenteric ischemia were more common indications in patients with AL than DL: 48.4% vs. 30.4% (p = 0.04) and 32.3% vs. 3.5% (p < 0.0001) respectively. Only 29% of patients who had AL were hemodynamically unstable. Mortality rates were 54.8% and 16.5% in patients with AL and DL respectively (p < 0.0001). Patients who died after AL and DL were significantly older than patients who survived (75 vs. 47.3 and 74 vs. 63 years respectively, p < 0.0001). Median hospital stay was 21 and 9 days for patients with AL and DL respectively (p < 0.05). Patients who underwent AL had significantly more wound infections, sepsis and multi-organ failure.
Conclusion: The philosophy of damage control surgery is applied to non-trauma patients as some of the prerequisites for the decision to elect this strategy are the same. Peritonitis is the most common indication for AL in non-trauma patients.