A Japanese view on circumcision: nonoperative management of normal and abnormal prepuce

Circumcision is generally undertaken for 3 reasons; first, as an item of religious practice, typically neonatally, although occasionally transpubertally, as a rite of passage; second, as a prophylactic measure against future ailments (for the reduction in the risk of penile cancer, urinary tract infection, and sexually transmitted disease); and third, for immediate medical indication. There are many different views worldwide on circumcision; we are presenting a Japanese view on the management of pediatric foreskin.