Z proteins of New World arenaviruses bind RIG-I and interfere with type I interferon induction

J Virol. 2010 Feb;84(4):1785-91. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01362-09. Epub 2009 Dec 9.

Abstract

The retinoic acid-inducible gene I product (RIG-I) is a cellular sensor of RNA virus infection that regulates the cellular beta interferon (IFN-beta) response. The nucleoproteins (NP) of arenaviruses are reported to antagonize the IFN response by inhibiting interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3). Here, we demonstrate that the Z proteins of four New World (NW) arenaviruses, Guanarito virus (GTOV), Junin virus (JUNV), Machupo virus (MAVC), and Sabia virus (SABV), bind to RIG-I, resulting in downregulation of the IFN-beta response. We show that expression of the four NW arenavirus Z proteins inhibits IFN-beta mRNA induction in A549 cells in response to RNA bearing 5' phosphates (5'pppRNA). NW arenavirus Z proteins interact with RIG-I in coimmunoprecipitation studies and colocalize with RIG-I. Furthermore, expression of Z proteins interferes with the interaction between RIG-I and MAVS. Z expression also impedes the nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) and IRF-3 activation. Our results indicate that NW arenavirus Z proteins, but not Z protein of the Old World (OW) arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or Lassa virus, bind to RIG-I and inhibit downstream activation of the RIG-I signaling pathway, preventing the transcriptional induction of IFN-beta.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Arenaviruses, New World / immunology*
  • Arenaviruses, New World / pathogenicity*
  • Arenaviruses, New World / physiology
  • Base Sequence
  • Cell Line
  • DEAD Box Protein 58
  • DEAD-box RNA Helicases / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate
  • Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 / metabolism
  • Interferon-beta / biosynthesis*
  • Interferon-beta / genetics
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Interaction Mapping
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
  • Receptors, Immunologic
  • Signal Transduction
  • Viral Proteins / genetics
  • Viral Proteins / immunology
  • Viral Proteins / metabolism*

Substances

  • IRF3 protein, human
  • Interferon Regulatory Factor-3
  • NF-kappa B
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Receptors, Immunologic
  • Viral Proteins
  • Interferon-beta
  • RIGI protein, human
  • DEAD Box Protein 58
  • DEAD-box RNA Helicases