Any comprehensive approach to children's mental health should consider services systems such as Child Welfare that provide services to children with high rates of emotional and behavioral disorders. This paper will review what is known about efficacious parent-focused interventions that can improve the lives of children in Child Welfare and explore possible reasons why such interventions are rarely used by Child Welfare agencies. Data from a pilot study suggest key features for increasing the implementation of efficacious practices to improve children's mental health.