In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) plays crucial roles in various pathophysiological processes, some of which are associated with a decrease in the expression of PPARgamma. Our previous study demonstrated that gene delivery of PPARgamma could be used to restore and/or enhance endogenous anti-inflammatory processes that are normally operative in mammalian tissues such as colon. In this review, we describe the outline of recent progress in the development of PPARgamma-gene therapy and PPARgamma molecular pathways, along with the results obtained in our previous experiments and those reported by others.