Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 38 (ZBTB38), binding to and repressing methylated DNA, is an important candidate gene for selection of body measurement traits through marker-assisted selection (MAS). The expression of ZBTB38 is regulated in human and animal height as well as other stature indexes. Genomic structural analysis shows that bovine ZBTB38 shares much similarity with human ZBTB38. We discovered and evaluated the potential association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the bovine ZBTB38 gene with body measurement traits in 722 individuals. The latest findings demonstrate that the A841G SNP in exon 1 is significantly associated with Body Length (BL), Hip Height (HH) and Heart Girth (HG). Furthermore, the analysis of A841G SNP marker shows that there are significant effects on the BL (P = 0.0389) in 722 individuals, significant effects on the HH (P = 0.0173) and HG (P = 0.0147) in Qinchuan improvement steers (QI) population, as well as significant effects on the WH (P = 0.0094) in Xuelong (XL) population. These results clearly suggest that the ZBTB38 gene is among of target genes for body measurement traits in bovine reproduction and breeding, and thus provide data for establishment of an animal model using cattle to study big animal body type.