Immunotherapy in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been dominated for many years by T-cell- and dendritic-cell-based treatment modalities. During the last decade, insight into the biology of natural killer (NK) cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) has rapidly increased and resulted in NK- and MSC-based therapeutic strategies in clinical practice. This article reviews current knowledge of the biology and clinical aspects of NK cells and MSC.
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