The identification and understanding of subtle signs in the ocular and periocular region will usually result in an accurate diagnosis without extensive investigations. The natural history of these diseases makes it possible for general practitioners to manage conjunctivitides, lid infections, and dacryocystitis if the conditions are not complicated by intraocular or corneal involvement. Endophthalmitis or infected corneal ulcers require urgent referral-any delay, even a matter of hours, can result in progression of the disease such that a successful outcome may be impossible. Because of the extreme sensitivity of vision as a monitor of corneal or intraocular changes, and the ease with which pathological processes can actually be seen, the identification and diagnosis of ocular infections and their appropriate treatment are relatively easy and extremely rewarding. The results of treatment are usually observable within 24 hours. All patients with suspected ocular and periocular infections ought to be reviewed in one day, and referred if they are not responding to treatment as expected.