Antihypertensive treatment with beta-blockers in the metabolic syndrome: a review

Curr Diabetes Rev. 2010 Jul;6(4):215-21. doi: 10.2174/157339910791658844.

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome, a "cluster" of metabolic disorders including hypertension, increases the cardiovascular risk, and insulin resistance plays a key role in its pathogenesis. In this syndrome antihypertensive treatment with beta-blockers is underused because of their adverse metabolic effects. The aim was to review the evidences supporting the reasons for underusing beta-blockers in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome. A review of Literature has been carried out via PubMed from 1998 to 2008: most of beta-blockers have adverse effects on insulin sensitivity, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and are not recommended in metabolic syndrome. However, some recent large studies have shown a better metabolic profile with newer third generation vasodilating beta-blockers, such as Carvedilol and Nebivolol. Vasodilating action of Carvedilol and Nebivolol, due respectively to alpha1-blocking effect and release of nitric oxide, explains the lack of adverse metabolic effects of these beta-blockers that could also be used in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / administration & dosage*
  • Antihypertensive Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Benzopyrans / therapeutic use
  • Carbazoles / therapeutic use
  • Carvedilol
  • Ethanolamines / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / complications
  • Hypertension / drug therapy
  • Metabolic Syndrome / complications
  • Metabolic Syndrome / drug therapy*
  • Models, Biological
  • Nebivolol
  • Propanolamines / therapeutic use
  • Vasodilator Agents / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Benzopyrans
  • Carbazoles
  • Ethanolamines
  • Propanolamines
  • Vasodilator Agents
  • Nebivolol
  • Carvedilol