Abstract
Stimulation of naïve CD4(+) T cells through engagement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the CD28 co-receptor initiates cell proliferation which critically depends on interleukin (IL)-2 secretion and subsequent autocrine signalling via the IL-2 receptor. However, several studies indicate that in CD28-costimulated T cells additional IL-2-independent signals are also required for cell proliferation. In this study, using a neutralizing anti-human IL-2 antibody and two selective, structurally unrelated, cell-permeable I-κB kinase (IKK) inhibitors, BMS-345541 and PS-1145, we show that in human naïve CD4(+) T cells stimulated through a short engagement of the TCR and the CD28 co-receptor, IKK controls the expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D3, cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and the stability of the F-box protein S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) and its co-factor CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B), through IL-2-independent mechanisms.
© 2010 The Authors. Immunology © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Publication types
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
-
Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
-
Antibodies, Monoclonal / immunology
-
Antibodies, Monoclonal / pharmacology
-
CD28 Antigens / immunology*
-
CD3 Complex / immunology
-
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / cytology
-
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / drug effects
-
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
-
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism*
-
CDC2-CDC28 Kinases
-
Carrier Proteins / genetics
-
Carrier Proteins / metabolism
-
Cell Cycle / drug effects
-
Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics
-
Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism*
-
Cell Proliferation / drug effects
-
Cyclin D3 / genetics
-
Cyclin D3 / metabolism
-
Cyclin E / genetics
-
Cyclin E / metabolism
-
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 / genetics
-
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 / metabolism
-
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27
-
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / genetics
-
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / metabolism
-
Gene Expression / drug effects
-
Gene Expression / genetics
-
Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
-
Gene Expression Regulation / immunology*
-
Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / pharmacology
-
Humans
-
I-kappa B Kinase / antagonists & inhibitors*
-
I-kappa B Proteins / metabolism
-
Imidazoles / pharmacology
-
Interleukin-2 / antagonists & inhibitors
-
Interleukin-2 / genetics
-
Interleukin-2 / immunology
-
Interleukin-2 / metabolism*
-
Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / genetics
-
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism
-
Lymphocyte Activation / drug effects
-
Lymphocyte Activation / immunology*
-
NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
-
NF-kappa B / metabolism
-
Oncogene Proteins / genetics
-
Oncogene Proteins / metabolism
-
Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
-
Pyridines / pharmacology
-
Quinoxalines / pharmacology
-
S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins / genetics
-
S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins / metabolism
-
Signal Transduction / drug effects
-
Signal Transduction / immunology
-
Up-Regulation / drug effects
Substances
-
4(2'-aminoethyl)amino-1,8-dimethylimidazo(1,2-a)quinoxaline
-
Antibodies, Monoclonal
-
CCND3 protein, human
-
CCNE1 protein, human
-
CD28 Antigens
-
CD3 Complex
-
CDKN1B protein, human
-
CKS1B protein, human
-
Carrier Proteins
-
Cell Cycle Proteins
-
Cyclin D3
-
Cyclin E
-
Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring
-
I-kappa B Proteins
-
Imidazoles
-
Interleukin-2
-
Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit
-
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
-
NF-kappa B
-
NFKBIA protein, human
-
Oncogene Proteins
-
PS1145
-
Protein Kinase Inhibitors
-
Pyridines
-
Quinoxalines
-
S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins
-
NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
-
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27
-
I-kappa B Kinase
-
CDC2-CDC28 Kinases
-
CDK2 protein, human
-
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2
-
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases