The current article serves as an introduction to this special issue on the assessment and treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children and adolescents. The article provides a brief review of the importance of this topic to neuropsychology while stressing the importance of evaluating factors related to assessment and treatment not only from an injury severity and developmental perspective but also the importance of familial and social functioning. Neuropsychologists' knowledge and professional skills involving psychological skills and neurocognitive principles make them most adept at treating children with TBI and their families for a variety of issues addressed in the special issue.