In 2009, prostate cancer was the subject of a large number of communications in international urologic, oncologic and radiation therapy conferences. The most interesting studies that are likely to modify physician's daily practice were selected. This year the results from the European (ERSPC) and the American (PLCO) mass screening studies. Many abstract on prevention, natural history and tumor markers such as PCa3 and fusion gene TMPRSS2 : ERG were presented. Adjuvant hormonal treatment was evaluated in high-risk patients. Hormonal and radiation therapy association reduces recurrence, specific and overall mortality in locally advanced prostate cancer. Intermittent hormonal treatment is an option in hormone sensitive metastatic patients. toremifene and denosumab were evaluated in the prevention of fracture risk in patients under androgen deprivation therapy. The mechanism of tumor proliferation in castrate resistant prostate cancer further explained and 2 new molecules abiraterone and MDV 3100 were presented.