Antigen persistence and the control of local T cell memory by migrant respiratory dendritic cells after acute virus infection

J Exp Med. 2010 Jun 7;207(6):1161-72. doi: 10.1084/jem.20092017. Epub 2010 May 31.

Abstract

Acute viral infections induce robust adaptive immune responses resulting in virus clearance. Recent evidence suggests that there may be depots of viral antigen that persist in draining lymph nodes (DLNs) after virus clearance and could, therefore, affect the adaptive immune response and memory T cell formation. The nature of these residual antigen depots, the mechanism of antigen persistence, and the impact of the persistent antigen on memory T cells remain ill defined. Using a mouse model of influenza virus infection of the respiratory tract, we identified respiratory dendritic cells (RDCs) as essential for both sampling and presenting residual viral antigen. RDCs in the previously infected lung capture residual viral antigen deposited in an irradiation-resistant cell type. RDCs then transport the viral antigen to the LNs draining the site of infection, where they present the antigen to T cells. Lastly, we document preferential localization of memory T cells to the DLNs after virus clearance as a consequence of presentation of residual viral antigen by the migrant RDC.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Animals
  • Antigen Presentation / immunology
  • Antigen Presentation / radiation effects
  • Antigens, Viral / immunology*
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / virology
  • Cell Movement / immunology*
  • Cell Movement / radiation effects
  • Cell Proliferation / radiation effects
  • Dendritic Cells / cytology
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology*
  • Dendritic Cells / radiation effects
  • Dendritic Cells / virology
  • Female
  • Immunologic Memory / immunology*
  • Immunologic Memory / radiation effects
  • Influenza A virus / immunology*
  • Influenza A virus / radiation effects
  • Lung / immunology
  • Lung / pathology
  • Lung / radiation effects
  • Lung / virology*
  • Lymph Nodes / immunology
  • Lymph Nodes / radiation effects
  • Lymph Nodes / virology
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / pathology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
  • Radiation Tolerance / immunology
  • Radiation Tolerance / radiation effects

Substances

  • Antigens, Viral