Purpose: Endotracheal intubation (ETI) of critically ill patients is a high-risk procedure that is commonly performed by resident physicians. Multiple attempts (>/=2) at intubation have previously been shown to be associated with severe complications. Our goal was to determine the association between year of training, type of residency, and multiple attempts at ETI.
Methods: This was a cohort study of 191 critically ill patients requiring urgent intubation at two tertiary care teaching hospitals in Vancouver, Canada. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the association between postgraduate year (PGY) of training and multiple attempts at ETI.
Results: The majority of ETIs were performed for respiratory failure (68.6%) from the hours of 07:00-19:00 (60.7%). Expert supervision was present for 78.5% of the intubations. Multiple attempts at ETI were required in 62%, 48%, and 34% of patients whose initial attempt was performed by PGY-1, PGY-2, and PGY-3 non-anesthesiology residents, respectively. Anesthesiology residents required multiple attempts at ETI in 15% of patients, regardless of the year of training. The multivariable model showed that both higher year of training (risk ratio [RR] 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54-0.93; P < 0.01) and residency training in anesthesiology (RR 0.52; 95% CI 0.20-1.0; P = 0.05) were independently associated with a decreased risk of multiple intubation attempts. Finally, intubations performed at night were associated with an increased risk of multiple intubation attempts (RR 1.3; 95% CI 1.0-1.4; P = 0.03).
Conclusion: Year of training, type of residency, and time of day were significantly associated with multiple tracheal intubation attempts in the critical care setting.