Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome

Curr Opin Hematol. 2010 Sep;17(5):432-8. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0b013e32833cae86.

Abstract

Purpose of review: The last few years revealed a molecular distinction between thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a disease characterized by a lack of ADAMTS13 activity, and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), a disease of complement overactivation. Many different predisposing genetic factors resulting in complement overactivation have been described in aHUS. Additionally, autoantibodies against complement regulatory proteins have been reported.

Recent findings: The last year has seen the description of a new risk factor for aHUS in the form of mutations in thrombomodulin. As with other genetic risk factors seen in aHUS, these mutations result in impaired regulation of complement. It is increasingly recognized that a confluence of risk factors resulting in complement overactivation may be required for the disease to manifest. In the last year the complement inhibitor eculizumab has been used successfully to treat patients with aHUS.

Summary: The characterization of the molecular defect in aHUS has allowed targeted therapy to be used. Although early reports of the efficacy of the complement inhibitor eculizumab are promising, the outcome of a recent clinical trial is awaited.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Autoantibodies
  • Complement Activation / genetics
  • Complement Activation / immunology*
  • Complement Factor H / deficiency
  • Complement Factor H / genetics
  • Complement Inactivating Agents / therapeutic use
  • Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / drug therapy
  • Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / genetics*
  • Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Plasma Exchange
  • Thrombophilia

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Autoantibodies
  • CFH protein, human
  • Complement Inactivating Agents
  • Complement Factor H
  • eculizumab

Supplementary concepts

  • Thrombomodulin anomalies, familial