The heat-pipe resembling action of boiling bubbles in endovenous laser ablation

Lasers Med Sci. 2010 Nov;25(6):907-9. doi: 10.1007/s10103-010-0780-2. Epub 2010 Jul 20.

Abstract

Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) produces boiling bubbles emerging from pores within the hot fiber tip and traveling over a distal length of about 20 mm before condensing. This evaporation-condensation mechanism makes the vein act like a heat pipe, where very efficient heat transport maintains a constant temperature, the saturation temperature of 100 degrees C, over the volume where these non-condensing bubbles exist. During EVLA the above-mentioned observations indicate that a venous cylindrical volume with a length of about 20 mm is kept at 100 degrees C. Pullback velocities of a few mm/s then cause at least the upper part of the treated vein wall to remain close to 100 degrees C for a time sufficient to cause irreversible injury. In conclusion, we propose that the mechanism of action of boiling bubbles during EVLA is an efficient heat-pipe resembling way of heating of the vein wall.

MeSH terms

  • Biophysical Phenomena
  • Endovascular Procedures / instrumentation
  • Endovascular Procedures / methods*
  • Hot Temperature / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Laser Therapy / instrumentation
  • Laser Therapy / methods*
  • Lasers, Semiconductor / therapeutic use
  • Models, Biological
  • Thermal Conductivity
  • Thermodynamics
  • Veins / surgery
  • Venous Insufficiency / surgery