Abstract
Dysfunction of the UPS (ubiquitin-proteasome system) has been implicated in dopaminergic neuronal death in PD (Parkinson's disease). Recent studies suggest that unregulated cell cycle events play a key role in neuronal death. In this study, the effects of UPS dysfunction on cell cycle events in neuronal differentiated PC12 cells were analysed using a specific inhibitor of proteasome, lactacystin. Lactacystin induced apoptosis, G₂/M cell cycle arrest and sustained the phosphorylation of the pRB (retinoblastoma protein), the key molecular process of G₁/S transition, in neuronal PC12 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of cell cycle progression protected against lactacystin-induced cell apoptosis. Finally, we determined that lactacystin activated the ERK signalling pathway. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation by MEK-1 inhibitor PD98059 decreased cell cycle aberrant and prevented apoptosis induced by lactacystin. These results indicate that aberrant cell cycle events contribute to apoptotic death induced by UPS dysfunction.
Publication types
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
-
Acetylcysteine / analogs & derivatives*
-
Acetylcysteine / pharmacology
-
Animals
-
Apoptosis / drug effects*
-
Cell Cycle / drug effects
-
Cell Cycle / physiology*
-
Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism
-
Cell Cycle Proteins / physiology
-
Cell Death / drug effects
-
Cell Differentiation / drug effects
-
Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
-
Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
-
Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
-
Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / metabolism
-
Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / physiology
-
Flavonoids / pharmacology
-
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / antagonists & inhibitors
-
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / metabolism
-
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / physiology
-
Neurons / drug effects*
-
Neurons / pathology
-
PC12 Cells
-
Rats
Substances
-
Cell Cycle Proteins
-
Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors
-
Enzyme Inhibitors
-
Flavonoids
-
lactacystin
-
Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
-
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
-
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
-
Acetylcysteine