A 52-year-old man with an end stage renal failure of undetermined aetiology was hemodialysed in 2002. He received a cadaveric kidney transplantation in 2004. After an episode of diarrhea, a thrombotic microangiopathy was diagnosed in July 2009 and during this episode, a low C3 serum level was identified. Plasma exchanges were beneficial. Exploration of the low C3 serum level revealed both factor H and factor I deficiencies. We think that the renal failure of undetermined aetiology was probably an unnoticed haemolytic and uremic syndrome which recurred more than five years after transplantation.
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