Modulation of integrin activation by an entropic spring in the {beta}-knee

J Biol Chem. 2010 Oct 22;285(43):32954-32966. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.145177. Epub 2010 Jul 28.

Abstract

We show that the length of a loop in the β-knee, between the first and second cysteines (C1-C2) in integrin EGF-like (I-EGF) domain 2, modulates integrin activation. Three independent sets of mutants, including swaps among different integrin β-subunits, show that C1-C2 loop lengths of 12 and longer favor the low affinity state and masking of ligand-induced binding site (LIBS) epitopes. Shortening length from 12 to 4 residues progressively increases ligand binding and LIBS epitope exposure. Compared with length, the loop sequence had a smaller effect, which was ascribable to stabilizing loop conformation, and not interactions with the α-subunit. The data together with structural calculations support the concept that the C1-C2 loop is an entropic spring and an emerging theme that disordered regions can regulate allostery. Diversity in the length of this loop may have evolved among integrin β-subunits to adjust the equilibrium between the bent and extended conformations at different set points.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Epidermal Growth Factor*
  • Humans
  • Integrin beta Chains / chemistry*
  • Integrin beta Chains / genetics
  • Integrin beta Chains / metabolism
  • Models, Molecular*
  • Protein Structure, Secondary
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary

Substances

  • Integrin beta Chains
  • Epidermal Growth Factor