In the last 30 years, clinical application oftransbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) has proved its efficiency, accuracy, safety and cost-effectiveness, particularly in diagnosing and staging lung cancer as well as in diagnosing benign diseases. The application of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) increased the accuracy of TBNA. Endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has superior performance and allowing real-time sampling under direct vision. Combination of EUBS-TBNA and traditional methods (CT, PET, mediastinoscopy, et al) can improve the diagnostic rate and negative predictive value. In the future, EUBS-TBNA may have applications in both benign and malignant lung diseases as a routine examination.
经支气管针吸活检（transbronchial needle aspiration, TBNA）在其临床应用的三十余年里，以其高效、准确、创伤小等特点得到了临床医师们的青睐。支气管内超声（endobronchial ultrasound, EBUS）的应用更增加了TBNA的准确性。EBUS-TBNA更比TBNA和其它传统的检查方法（如CT、PET、纵隔镜等）的敏感性、特异性和准确性高并有较高的安全性。TBNA可获得组织学标本，对于肺癌的诊断和分期有重要意义。同时对肺部其它疾病（如结节病、纵隔淋巴瘤、肺结核）的诊断，TBNA也有帮助。TBNA联合应用常规检查方法可提高肺部疾病的诊断率和阴性预测值，在临床工作中应大力推广TBNA的使用。