Freezing of gait in older people: associated conditions, clinical aspects, assessment and treatment

Postgrad Med J. 2010 Aug;86(1018):472-7. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2009.090456.

Abstract

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling condition in older people. It is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other parkinsonian syndromes. The assessment of this condition poses challenges due to its episodic and transient nature and its frequent association with cognitive impairment. The pathophysiology of FOG is complex and poorly understood. Morphological brain imaging is of limited value in the evaluation of FOG, and functional imaging techniques are currently being developed to study the phenomenon. The treatment of 'off' time FOG in PD is relatively straight forward, but 'on' freezing in PD and FOG associated with other conditions may be difficult to treat. FOG is a strong risk factor for falls and adversely affects the quality of life of patients and carers. A multidisciplinary team approach is essential for optimum management.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Dopamine Agents / therapeutic use
  • Gait Disorders, Neurologic / etiology*
  • Gait Disorders, Neurologic / therapy*
  • Humans
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases / complications
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases / diagnosis
  • Parkinson Disease / complications
  • Parkinsonian Disorders / complications*
  • Patient Care Team

Substances

  • Dopamine Agents