Embryology of the conduction system for the electrophysiologist

It is critical for interventional electrophysiologists to thoroughly appreciate the topographic and developmental anatomy of the heart and its conduction system. Not only is understanding cardiac anatomy important to prevent complications from collateral damage and to help guide catheter placement, but developmental anatomy allows a deeper appreciation of the arrhythmogenic substrate. In this article, we briefly review the relevant stages of cardiac development for electrophysiologists. The potential location of normal and abnormal conduction patterns resulting from heterogeneous developmental origin is discussed.