Discordance between serum cardiac biomarker and immunoglobulin-free light-chain response in patients with immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis treated with immune modulatory drugs

Am J Hematol. 2010 Oct;85(10):757-9. doi: 10.1002/ajh.21822.

Abstract

We evaluated the capability of soluble cardiac biomarkers to predict tolerability and outcomes of IMiD-containing treatments among 106 patients treated on clinical trials. Baseline elevations in troponin T (TnT) and N-terminal brain naturietic protein (NT-proBNP) predicted for an inability to tolerate IMiD-based regimens. The best predictors for early attrition during cycle 1 were TnT ≥ 0.07 μg/L and NT-proBNP ≥ 11,939 ng/L. NT-proBNP-response underperformed TnT-response as a predictor for overall survival (OS), but both predicted for early protocol attrition. Despite hematologic response, IMiD-treated patients were at higher risk for NT-proBNP rises and early drug discontinuation than a control population but not for early death. These observations prompt two questions: (1) does IMiD-based therapy lead to increased fluid retention and/or cardiac toxicity and (2) is an NT-proBNP-driven cardiac response system valid in IMiD-treated amyloidosis patients? Recognition of potential drug-induced cardiac toxicity is important so that increased cardiac surveillance and drug dose-adjustment or discontinuation may be implemented.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amyloid / blood*
  • Amyloidosis / blood
  • Amyloidosis / complications
  • Amyloidosis / therapy*
  • Biomarkers
  • Clinical Trials as Topic / statistics & numerical data
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Cyclophosphamide / administration & dosage
  • Cyclophosphamide / adverse effects
  • Dexamethasone / adverse effects
  • Dexamethasone / therapeutic use
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Heart Failure / blood
  • Heart Failure / chemically induced*
  • Heart Failure / etiology
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulin Light Chains / blood*
  • Immunologic Factors / adverse effects*
  • Immunologic Factors / therapeutic use
  • Lenalidomide
  • Melphalan / adverse effects
  • Melphalan / therapeutic use
  • Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / analysis*
  • Patient Dropouts
  • Peptide Fragments / analysis*
  • Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Thalidomide / adverse effects
  • Thalidomide / analogs & derivatives
  • Thalidomide / therapeutic use
  • Troponin T / blood*

Substances

  • Amyloid
  • Biomarkers
  • Immunoglobulin Light Chains
  • Immunologic Factors
  • Peptide Fragments
  • Troponin T
  • pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76)
  • Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
  • Thalidomide
  • Dexamethasone
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • pomalidomide
  • Lenalidomide
  • Melphalan