In modern oncology, paradigmatic developments can be witnessed with respect to conceptual strategies and to individualized diagnostics and treatment approaches, but foremost with respect to the amazing number of new anticancer substances available. These developments will certainly influence the care of patients suffering from incurable and advanced cancer, where pain therapy and symptom control, quality of life and other intentions of palliative care are urgent. For cancer pain therapy and palliative care, knowledge about these developments may be helpful not only with respect to interdisciplinary decision making, but also for thoroughly balancing risks, side effects and benefits of oncological interventions that have the potential to stabilize disease progression and thereby reduce symptom intensity.