Abstract
Lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells initiate the development of lymphoid tissues through the activation of local stromal cells in a process similar to inflammation. LTi cells express the nuclear hormone receptor RORγt, which also directs the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 in T cells. We show here that LTi cells are part of a larger family of proinflammatory RORγt(+) innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that differentiate from distinct fetal liver RORγt(+) precursors. The fate of RORγt(+) ILCs is determined by mouse age, and after birth, favors the generation of cells involved in intestinal homeostasis and defense. Contrary to RORγt(+) T cells, however, RORγt(+) ILCs develop in the absence of microbiota. Our study indicates that RORγt(+) ILCs evolve to preempt intestinal colonization by microbial symbionts.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adaptive Immunity
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Adoptive Transfer
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Animals
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Bacterial Physiological Phenomena
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Cell Differentiation
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Cell Lineage
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Fetus / cytology
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Fetus / immunology
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Fetus / metabolism
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Homeostasis
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Immunity, Mucosal
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Intestinal Mucosa / immunology*
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Intestine, Small / embryology
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Intestine, Small / immunology*
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Intestine, Small / microbiology
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Liver / cytology
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Liver / embryology
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Liver / immunology
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Lymphocyte Subsets / cytology
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Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology*
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Lymphocyte Subsets / metabolism
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Lymphocytes / cytology
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Lymphocytes / immunology*
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Lymphocytes / metabolism
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Lymphoid Progenitor Cells / cytology*
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Lymphoid Tissue / cytology
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Lymphoid Tissue / immunology
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Lymphopoiesis
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Mice
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Mice, Transgenic
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Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 / metabolism*
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Receptors, CCR6 / metabolism
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Symbiosis
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / cytology
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / metabolism
Substances
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CCR6 protein, mouse
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Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3
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Receptors, CCR6
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Rorc protein, mouse