Objectives: We investigated the efficacy and outcome of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients admitted with cardiogenic shock and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Study design: We reviewed 91 consecutive patients (66 males, 25 females; mean age 61 ± 11 years) treated with primary PCI for cardiogenic shock due to STEMI. All clinical, angiographic data, and in-hospital and long-term outcomes were collected. The patients were classified into two groups depending on the presence (n = 59, 64.8%) or absence (n= 32, 35.2%) of in-hospital mortality.
Results: Hospital nonsurvivors were older (mean age 62.7 ± 11.1 vs. 57.7 ± 11.4 years; p = 0.04) and exhibited higher frequencies of diabetes mellitus (DM), renal failure, and history of myocardial infarction. Multi-vessel disease (p = 0.004) and circumflex artery involvement (p = 0.03) were more frequent and the rates of tirofiban administration (p = 0.02) and stenting (p = 0.007) were lower in nonsurvivors. Procedural success rate was substantially lower in nonsurvivors (39% vs. 84.4%; p < 0.001). Of 32 survivors, cardiovascular mortality occurred in only three patients (9.4%) during a median follow-up of 26 months. In multivariate regression analysis, unsuccessful procedure (OR 7.2, 95% CI 1.77-29.27; p = 0.006) and DM (OR 3.92, 95% CI 1.13-13.62; p = 0.03) were the independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.
Conclusion: Mortality rate is considerably higher and successful procedure yields a two-fold decrease in in-hospital mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock complicated by STEMI. Unsuccessful procedure and DM represent as two independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.