Regulation of activation-induced deaminase stability and antibody gene diversification by Hsp90

J Exp Med. 2010 Nov 22;207(12):2751-65. doi: 10.1084/jem.20101321. Epub 2010 Nov 1.

Abstract

Activation-induced deaminase (AID) is the mutator enzyme that initiates somatic hypermutation and isotype switching of the antibody genes in B lymphocytes. Undesired byproducts of AID function are oncogenic mutations. AID expression levels seem to correlate with the extent of its physiological and pathological functions. In this study, we identify AID as a novel Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90 kD) client. We find that cytoplasmic AID is in a dynamic equilibrium regulated by Hsp90. Hsp90 stabilizes cytoplasmic AID, as specific Hsp90 inhibition leads to cytoplasmic polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of AID. Consequently, Hsp90 inhibition results in a proportional reduction in antibody gene diversification and off-target mutation. This evolutionarily conserved regulatory mechanism determines the functional steady-state levels of AID in normal B cells and B cell lymphoma lines. Thus, Hsp90 assists AID-mediated antibody diversification by stabilizing AID. Hsp90 inhibition provides the first pharmacological means to down-regulate AID expression and activity, which could be relevant for therapy of some lymphomas and leukemias.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibody Diversity*
  • Benzoquinones / pharmacology
  • Cytidine Deaminase / metabolism*
  • Enzyme Stability
  • Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / analysis
  • HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
  • HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / physiology*
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulin Class Switching
  • Lactams, Macrocyclic / pharmacology
  • Mice
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / physiology

Substances

  • Benzoquinones
  • HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins
  • Lactams, Macrocyclic
  • tanespimycin
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
  • Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
  • AICDA (activation-induced cytidine deaminase)
  • Cytidine Deaminase