Is adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency really rare in patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency and normal thyroid function tests?

Horm Res Paediatr. 2011;75(3):200-5. doi: 10.1159/000320479. Epub 2010 Nov 2.

Abstract

Background/aim: It was the aim of this study to evaluate subtle adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiencies in a group of patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency and without thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency.

Methods: Growth hormone and cortisol responses to an insulin tolerance test of 25 patients (15 males and 10 females) were evaluated at diagnosis (11.8 ± 2.5 years) and at the time of retesting (14.6 ± 1.6 years). A cortisol response <416, 416-555 and >555 nmol/l was defined as inadequate, blunted and normal, respectively.

Results: Baseline cortisol responses to the insulin tolerance test were subnormal in 10 of the 25 patients (6 had blunted responses and 4 had inadequate responses). The mean ± SD of normal, blunted and inadequate cortisol response at diagnosis was 722.2 ± 127.8, 480.4 ± 37.4 and 317.7 ± 81.7 nmol/l, respectively. Five of these patients showed improved cortisol response at retesting. Three of the 15 patients who had a normal baseline cortisol response developed blunted cortisol response at re-evaluation. The mean ± SD of normal and blunted plus inadequate cortisol response at retesting was 668.1 ± 116.1 and 467.3 ± 64 nmol/l, respectively. All patients with a subnormal cortisol level were asymptomatic.

Conclusion: Asymptomatic adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency patients should be followed up closely, and treatment should be considered in a stress situation after re-evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adrenal Insufficiency / complications
  • Adrenal Insufficiency / diagnosis
  • Body Mass Index
  • Child
  • Early Diagnosis
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Human Growth Hormone / blood
  • Human Growth Hormone / deficiency*
  • Human Growth Hormone / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Hydrocortisone / blood
  • Hypopituitarism / blood
  • Hypopituitarism / complications*
  • Hypopituitarism / drug therapy
  • Insulin
  • Male
  • Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Thyroid Function Tests

Substances

  • Insulin
  • Human Growth Hormone
  • Hydrocortisone

Supplementary concepts

  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency