More than one third of patients with localized prostate cancer at diagnosis who receive radical prostatectomy have histologically extraprostatic disease. Three randomized trials have demonstrated a significant benefit of postoperative radiotherapy for these patients in terms of biochemical progression-free survival, overall survival or metastasis-free survival in function of each study, at the cost of moderate acute and late toxicity. The technical developments of recent years have enabled the evolution of a three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, with better adaptation of the dose distribution to the shape of target volumes to preserve organs at risk while delivering the required dose volume target. This requires a thorough knowledge of the prostate cancer radioanatomy, ballistics and dosimetry. Purpose of this work was to specify epidemiological and radioanatomy characteristics for this tumor type and conformal radiation modalities illustrated by a case report.
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