Amino-terminal phosphorylation of activation-induced cytidine deaminase suppresses c-myc/IgH translocation

Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Feb;31(3):442-9. doi: 10.1128/MCB.00349-10. Epub 2010 Dec 6.

Abstract

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is a mutator enzyme that initiates class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes (Ig) in B lymphocytes. However, AID also produces off-target DNA damage, including mutations in oncogenes and double-stranded breaks that can serve as substrates for oncogenic chromosomal translocations. AID is strictly regulated by a number of mechanisms, including phosphorylation at serine 38 and threonine 140, which increase activity. Here we show that phosphorylation can also suppress AID activity in vivo. Serine 3 is a novel phospho-acceptor which, when mutated to alanine, leads to increased class switching and c-myc/IgH translocations without affecting AID levels or catalytic activity. Conversely, increasing AID phosphorylation specifically on serine 3 by interfering with serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) leads to decreased class switching. We conclude that AID activity and its oncogenic potential can be downregulated by phosphorylation of serine 3 and that this process is controlled by PP2A.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Amino Acid Substitution / genetics
  • Animals
  • Cytidine Deaminase / chemistry*
  • Cytidine Deaminase / metabolism*
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Fibroblasts / drug effects
  • Fibroblasts / enzymology
  • Immunoglobulin Class Switching / drug effects
  • Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / genetics*
  • Mice
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutant Proteins / metabolism
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • Phosphoserine / metabolism
  • Protein Phosphatase 2 / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Protein Phosphatase 2 / metabolism
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / genetics*
  • Recombination, Genetic / drug effects
  • Recombination, Genetic / genetics
  • Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin / drug effects
  • Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin / genetics
  • Translocation, Genetic* / drug effects

Substances

  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
  • Mutant Proteins
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc
  • Phosphoserine
  • Protein Phosphatase 2
  • AICDA (activation-induced cytidine deaminase)
  • Cytidine Deaminase