Association between cannabis and psychiatric hospitalization

Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2011 May;123(5):368-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01640.x. Epub 2010 Dec 28.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the relationship between cannabis use and mental health.

Method: A cross-sectional analysis in a sample of 17 698 individuals with a mean age of 22 years (SD: 4.2). Participants provided information on the amount and initial age of cannabis use and history of psychiatric hospitalizations through a web-based questionnaire. To quantify Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol exposure, we operationalized cannabis use as the amount of money spent on cannabis per week over the last month. The odds ratio of having a history of psychiatric hospitalizations was the primary outcome measure.

Results: We found a dose-response relationship between the amount of cannabis use and the odds for psychiatric hospitalization. Adjusted odds ratios for hospitalization increased with the amount of cannabis consumed from 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1-2.3) in incidental users to 6.2 (95% CI: 4.3-8.9) in heavy users (>€25/week). Our data suggested that concomitant drug use was an intermediate factor. Exposure to cannabis before the age of 12 years was found to carry a 4.8 (95% CI: 2.9-7.8) times increased odds for past psychiatric hospitalizations.

Conclusion: We conclude that early and heavy uses of cannabis are each and independently associated with poor mental health in its users.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Costs and Cost Analysis
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Data Collection
  • Dronabinol* / administration & dosage
  • Dronabinol* / adverse effects
  • Dronabinol* / economics
  • Female
  • Hallucinogens / administration & dosage
  • Hallucinogens / adverse effects
  • Hallucinogens / economics
  • Hospitals, Psychiatric / statistics & numerical data*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Marijuana Abuse / economics
  • Marijuana Abuse / therapy*
  • Mental Health
  • Netherlands
  • Odds Ratio
  • Patient Readmission / statistics & numerical data*

Substances

  • Hallucinogens
  • Dronabinol