Effects of toe and ankle training in older people: a cross-over study

Aim: Maintenance of physical function in the elderly is important. Previous studies have focused mainly on training-center-based interventions, accompanied by training staff or equipped with training machinery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of toe and ankle training for the elderly.

Methods: The four facilities were divided into two groups that received the intervention in 8-week shifts. An exercise program, focused mainly on ankle, foot and toe function, was conducted with the subject in a sitting position. Muscle strength, physical function, fear of falling and health-related quality of life were assessed at the beginning of the study and at the end of each 8-week phase. Because subjects were not randomized, significant intergroup differences were present in some baseline measurements. Therefore, the study was conducted with a cross-over design, and ancova was included with the baseline value as an independent covariate.

Results: A significant improvement was found in quadriceps strength, functional reach, stepping in sitting and Euro Qol EQ5D score, together with a possible improvement in toe flexor strength.

Conclusion: These results suggest that a training program carried out with the subject in a sitting position and focused mainly on ankle, foot and toe functions is effective in improving some aspects of motor function in the elderly. This approach may help elderly individuals maintain their activity level without increasing risks.