High sacrectomy for locally recurrent rectal cancer: Can long-term survival be achieved?

J Surg Oncol. 2011 Feb;103(2):105-9. doi: 10.1002/jso.21774. Epub 2010 Dec 22.

Abstract

Background: Locally recurrent rectal cancer involving the upper sacrum is generally considered a contra-indication to curative surgery. The aim of this study was to determine if a survival benefit was seen in patients undergoing high sacrectomy.

Methods: All patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer involving the sacrum above the 3rd sacral body between 1999 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed.

Results: Nine patients were identified with a median age of 63 years. The proximal extent of sacral resection was through S2 (n = 6), S1 (n = 2), and L5-S1 (n = 1). All patients had R0 negative-margin resection. Median operative time was 13.7 hr, and median operative blood transfusion was 3.7 L. Thirty-day mortality was nil. Postoperative complications requiring surgical intervention occurred in three patients. Local re-recurrence in the pelvis occurred in one patient. The overall median survival was 31 months (range, 2-39 months). Three patients still alive are free of disease after 40, 76, and 101 months, respectively. Ultimately, all deaths were due to metastatic disease.

Conclusions: High sacrectomy that achieves clear margins in patients with recurrent rectal cancer is safe and feasible. A majority will die of metastatic disease, but long-term survival may be possible in some patients.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Cause of Death
  • Colostomy
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Feasibility Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Laparotomy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / mortality*
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / surgery*
  • Rectal Neoplasms / mortality*
  • Rectal Neoplasms / surgery*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sacrum / surgery*
  • Spinal Neoplasms / mortality
  • Spinal Neoplasms / secondary*
  • Spinal Neoplasms / surgery*
  • Urinary Diversion