Beta-lactam antibiotic offers neuroprotection in a spinal muscular atrophy model by multiple mechanisms

Exp Neurol. 2011 Jun;229(2):214-25. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.01.017. Epub 2011 Feb 2.

Abstract

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating genetic motoneuron disease leading to infant death. No effective therapy is currently available. It has been suggested that β-lactam antibiotics such as ceftriaxone may offer neuroprotection in motoneuron diseases. Here, we investigate the therapeutic effect of ceftriaxone in a murine model of SMA. Treated animals present a modest, but significant ameliorated neuromuscular phenotype and increased survival, which correlate with protection of neuromuscular units. Whole gene expression profiling in treated mice demonstrates modifications in several genes including those involved in RNA metabolism toward wild-type. The neuroprotective effect seems to be mediated by multiple mechanisms that encompass the increase of the glutamate transporter Glt1, the transcription factor Nrf2, as well as SMN protein. This study provides the first evidence of a potential positive effect of this class of molecules in SMA. Further investigation of analogs with increased and more specific therapeutic effects warrants the development of useful therapies for SMA.

MeSH terms

  • Analysis of Variance
  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Blotting, Western
  • Ceftriaxone / pharmacology
  • Ceftriaxone / therapeutic use*
  • Cell Count
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Gene Expression / drug effects
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Mice
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • Motor Neurons / drug effects*
  • Motor Neurons / metabolism
  • Motor Neurons / pathology
  • Muscle, Skeletal / drug effects*
  • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
  • Muscle, Skeletal / pathology
  • Muscular Atrophy, Spinal / drug therapy*
  • Muscular Atrophy, Spinal / genetics
  • Muscular Atrophy, Spinal / metabolism
  • Muscular Atrophy, Spinal / pathology
  • Neuroprotective Agents / pharmacology
  • Neuroprotective Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • SMN Complex Proteins / genetics
  • SMN Complex Proteins / metabolism
  • Spinal Cord / drug effects
  • Spinal Cord / metabolism
  • Spinal Cord / pathology
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Neuroprotective Agents
  • SMN Complex Proteins
  • Ceftriaxone