Abstract
IL-9 was first described in the late 1980s as a member of a growing number of cytokines that had pleiotropic functions in the immune system. Although many biological functions have been attributed to IL-9, it remains an understudied cytokine. A resurgence of interest in IL-9 has been spurred by recent work demonstrating a role for IL-9 in regulating inflammatory immunity and defining the transcription factors that activate the Il9 gene in cells that most efficiently produce IL-9. In this review, we summarize the characterization of IL-9 biological activities, highlight roles for the cytokine that are clearly defined, and outline questions regarding IL-9 functions that still require further exploration.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Gene Expression Regulation / immunology
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Humans
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Immunity, Cellular
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Interleukin-9 / biosynthesis
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Interleukin-9 / chemistry*
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Interleukin-9 / genetics
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Interleukin-9 / physiology*
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Mast Cells / immunology
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Mast Cells / metabolism
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / chemistry
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Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / genetics
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Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / physiology
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Receptors, Interleukin-9 / biosynthesis
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Receptors, Interleukin-9 / genetics
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Receptors, Interleukin-9 / physiology
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Signal Transduction / genetics
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Signal Transduction / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
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Tissue Distribution / genetics
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Tissue Distribution / immunology
Substances
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IL9 protein, human
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Interleukin-9
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Lancl1 protein, mouse
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Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
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Receptors, Interleukin-9