Sex differences in patient-reported symptoms associated with myocardial infarction (from the population-based MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry)

Many studies have examined gender-related differences in symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, findings have been inconsistent, largely because of different study populations and different methods of symptom assessment and data analysis. This study was based on 568 women and 1,710 men 25 to 74 years old hospitalized with a first-ever AMI from January 2001 through December 2006 recruited from a population-based AMI registry. Occurrence of 13 AMI symptoms was recorded using standardized patient interview. After controlling for age, migration status, body mass index, smoking, some co-morbidities including diabetes, and type and location of AMI through logistic regression modeling, women were significantly more likely to complain of pain in the left shoulder/arm/hand (odds ratio [OR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10 to 1.69), pain in the throat/jaw (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.21), pain in the upper abdomen (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.91), pain between the shoulder blades (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.78 to 2.77), vomiting (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.67 to 2.97), nausea (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.39), dyspnea (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.78), fear of death (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.73 to 2.72), and dizziness (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.91) than men. Furthermore, women were more likely to report >4 symptoms (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.72 to 2.66). No significant gender differences were found in chest pain, feelings of pressure or tightness, diaphoresis, pain in the right shoulder/arm/hand, and syncope. In conclusion, women and men did not differ regarding the chief AMI symptoms of chest pain or feelings of tightness or pressure and diaphoresis. However, women were more likely to have additional symptoms.