Cystoid macular degeneration in exudative age-related macular degeneration

Am J Ophthalmol. 2011 Jul;152(1):100-107.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.01.027. Epub 2011 May 12.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of cystoid macular degeneration in eyes that underwent intravitreal ranibizumab injections for exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Design: Retrospective, interventional case series.

Methods: We reviewed the charts of 56 consecutive patients (19 male, 37 female; mean age ± standard deviation, 80.81 ± 4.8 years) with exudative age-related macular degeneration who received the last intravitreal ranibizumab injection at least 6 months before and were judged to have a fibroatrophic scar without signs of progression by fluorescein angiography or spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Main outcome measures were the estimated prevalence and clinical significance of cystoid macular degeneration.

Results: Twenty-two eyes showed various combinations of degenerative pseudocysts, whereas 34 eyes did not show any pseudocysts. The 95% confidence interval for the prevalence estimate was 36.98% to 41.02%. Degenerative pseudocysts appeared square-shaped, did not change their overall appearance over time, and were located just below the internal limiting membrane in 11 eyes (50%), in the inner nuclear layer in 16 eyes (72.7%), in the outer nuclear layer in 8 eyes (36.3%), and in all the retinal layers in 6 eyes (27.2%). Best-corrected visual acuity improved in eyes with and without degenerative pseudocysts and decreased significantly in eyes with degenerative pseudocysts (P = .03). Mean central macular thickness decreased significantly (P < .001) to 324.1 μm and to 328.2 μm in eyes and without degenerative pseudocysts, respectively.

Conclusions: Cystoid macular degeneration represents a well-distinguished clinical entity that may be detected in exudative age-related macular degeneration eyes showing a posttreatment fibroatrophic scar and should not be considered as a manifestation of choroidal neovascularization activity.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Exudates and Transudates
  • Female
  • Fluorescein Angiography
  • Humans
  • Intravitreal Injections
  • Macular Degeneration / complications*
  • Macular Degeneration / diagnosis
  • Macular Degeneration / drug therapy
  • Macular Edema / complications*
  • Macular Edema / diagnosis
  • Male
  • Prevalence
  • Ranibizumab
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Tomography, Optical Coherence
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Visual Acuity / physiology

Substances

  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • VEGFA protein, human
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • Ranibizumab