Morphologic patterns of autoimmune pancreatitis in CT and MRI

Pancreatology. 2011;11(2):240-51. doi: 10.1159/000327708. Epub 2011 May 27.

Abstract

Background/aims: To retrospectively evaluate the morphologic characteristics of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) using MRI and CT.

Methods: 86 dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and MRI scans in 36 AIP patients were evaluated regarding: different enlargement types, abnormalities of the main pancreatic duct (MPD), morphology of the parenchyma and other associated findings.

Results: 3 types of enlargement were found: (1) a focal type (28%), (2) a diffuse type (involving the entire pancreas, 11%) and (3) a combined type (56%). The MPD was usually dilated together with focal or diffuse narrowing in 67% (24/36). Unenhanced MRI showed AIP area in 56% (mostly T(1) hypo- and T(2) hyperattenuating), and CT in 10% (hypoattenuating). The arterial phase depicted similar patterns for CT and MRI (hypoattenuating in 58 and 52%, respectively). Venous and late venous phase patterns were usually hyperattenuating in MRI (65 and 74%, late enhancement), while CT mostly showed no signal differences (isoattenuating in 57 and 75%), yielding significant differences between CT and MRI for the venous (p < 0.0001) and the late phase (p = 0.025). Miscellaneous findings were: rim sign (25%), pseudocysts (8%) and infiltration of large vessels (11%).

Conclusions: The 'late-enhancement' sign seems to be a key feature and is best detectable with MRI. MRI may be recommended in the diagnostic workup of AIP patients. and IAP.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Autoimmune Diseases / diagnosis
  • Autoimmune Diseases / diagnostic imaging
  • Autoimmune Diseases / pathology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pancreas / diagnostic imaging
  • Pancreas / pathology*
  • Pancreatic Ducts / diagnostic imaging
  • Pancreatic Ducts / pathology
  • Pancreatitis / diagnosis
  • Pancreatitis / diagnostic imaging
  • Pancreatitis / pathology*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Tomography, Spiral Computed