The novel anti-MEK small molecule AZD6244 induces BIM-dependent and AKT-independent apoptosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Blood. 2011 Jul 28;118(4):1052-61. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-03-340109. Epub 2011 May 31.

Abstract

The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway has been largely unexplored as a potential therapeutic target in lymphoma. The novel 2nd generation anti-MEK small molecule, AZD6244, down-regulated its direct downstream target, phospho-ERK (pERK) in germinal center and nongerminal center diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines and primary cells. Similar decreased pERK levels were noted despite constitutive activation (CA) of MEK. Consequently, several lymphoma-related ERK substrates were down-regulated by AZD6244 including MCT-1, c-Myc, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and CDK1/2. AZD6244 induced time- and dose-dependent antiproliferation and apoptosis in all DLBCL cell lines and fresh/primary cells (IC(50) 100nM-300nM). Furthermore, AZD6244 resulted in significantly less tumor compared with control in an in vivo DLBCL SCID xenograft model. Cell death was associated with cleaved PARP, caspases-8, -9, and -3, and apoptosis was caspase-dependent. In addition, there was stabilization of FoxO3a, activation of BIM and PUMA, and a significant decrease in c-Myc transcripts. Moreover, siRNA knockdown of BIM abrogated AZD6244-related apoptosis, while shRNA knockdown of ERK minimally sensitized cells. Finally, manipulation of AKT with transfection of OCI-LY3 cells with CA-AKT or through chemical inhibition (LY294002) had minimal effect on AZD6244-induced cell death. Altogether, these findings show that the novel anti-MEK agent, AZD6244, induced apoptosis in DLBCL and that cell death was BIM-dependent.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Apoptosis / drug effects*
  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / metabolism*
  • Bcl-2-Like Protein 11
  • Benzimidazoles / pharmacology*
  • Blotting, Western
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / metabolism*
  • MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Mice, SCID
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism*
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects*
  • Transfection
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Substances

  • AZD 6244
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
  • BCL2L11 protein, human
  • Bcl-2-Like Protein 11
  • Bcl2l11 protein, mouse
  • Benzimidazoles
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases