Patterns of stability in adult attachment: an empirical test of two models of continuity and change

J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011 Nov;101(5):974-92. doi: 10.1037/a0024150.

Abstract

One of the core assumptions of attachment theory is that attachment representations are stable over time. Unfortunately, the data on attachment stability have been ambiguous, and as a result, alternative theoretical perspectives have evolved to explain them. The objective of the present research was to evaluate alternative models of stability by studying adults in 2 intensive longitudinal investigations. Specifically, we assessed attachment representations in 1 sample (N = 203) daily over a 30-day period and in the other sample (N = 388) weekly over a year. Analyses show that the patterns of stability that exist in adult attachment are most consistent with a prototype model--a model assuming that there is a stable factor underlying temporary variations in attachment. Moreover, although the Big Five personality traits exhibited a pattern of stability that was similar to that of attachment, they did not account for the stability observed in attachment.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Individuality*
  • Interpersonal Relations*
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Models, Psychological
  • Object Attachment*
  • Parent-Child Relations*
  • Personality / physiology*
  • Personality Inventory
  • Sexual Partners / psychology*
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Young Adult