Abstract
It is controversial whether naïve B cells are directly activated in response to TLR9 ligand, CpG ODN. Although bovine blood-derived CD21(+) B cells express TLR9 and proliferate in response to CpG in mixed-cell populations, purified bovine B cells do not proliferate significantly in response to CpG ODN, even when the B cell receptor is engaged. When co-cultured with CD14(+) myeloid cells and/or B-cell activating factor (BAFF), a cytokine produced by activated myeloid cells, there was a significant increase in CpG-specific B cell proliferation, and the number of large B cells in general or positive for CD25, all of which are markers for B cell activation. These data suggest that activated myeloid cells and BAFF prime B cells for significant CpG-specific activation. Understanding the signals required to mediate efficient CpG-induced, antigen-independent and T-cell independent activation of B cells has implications for polyclonal B cell activation and the development of autoimmune diseases.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication types
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
-
Animals
-
B-Cell Activating Factor / genetics
-
B-Cell Activating Factor / immunology
-
B-Cell Activating Factor / pharmacology*
-
B-Lymphocytes / drug effects*
-
B-Lymphocytes / immunology
-
B-Lymphocytes / metabolism
-
Cattle
-
Cell Proliferation / drug effects*
-
Cells, Cultured
-
Coculture Techniques
-
Drug Synergism
-
Flow Cytometry
-
HEK293 Cells
-
Humans
-
Leukocytes, Mononuclear / drug effects
-
Leukocytes, Mononuclear / immunology
-
Leukocytes, Mononuclear / metabolism
-
Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / immunology
-
Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / metabolism
-
Lymphocyte Activation / drug effects*
-
Lymphocyte Activation / immunology
-
Male
-
Myeloid Cells / drug effects
-
Myeloid Cells / immunology
-
Myeloid Cells / metabolism
-
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / pharmacology*
-
Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / immunology
-
Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / metabolism
-
Receptors, Complement 3d / immunology
-
Receptors, Complement 3d / metabolism
-
Recombinant Proteins / immunology
-
Recombinant Proteins / pharmacology
-
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
-
Toll-Like Receptor 9 / genetics
-
Toll-Like Receptor 9 / immunology
-
Toll-Like Receptor 9 / metabolism
Substances
-
B-Cell Activating Factor
-
CPG-oligonucleotide
-
Lipopolysaccharide Receptors
-
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
-
Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell
-
Receptors, Complement 3d
-
Recombinant Proteins
-
Toll-Like Receptor 9