Abstract
To investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of cold-adapted influenza vaccine in individuals with underlying immunity to influenza A virus, we administered cold-adapted H1N1 and H3N2 vaccines to adults with prevaccination serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers of 1:16 or more and challenged them 1 month afterwards with homologous wild-type influenza A virus. Both cold-adapted vaccines were immunogenic in seropositive adults. In addition, individuals receiving cold-adapted vaccines had lower rates of virus shedding and illness following challenge with wild-type influenza virus than did unvaccinated seropositive volunteers.
Publication types
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Administration, Intranasal
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Adult
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Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis*
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Cold Temperature
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Double-Blind Method
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Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
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Humans
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Immunoenzyme Techniques
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Immunoglobulin A / biosynthesis
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Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / biosynthesis
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Immunoglobulin G / biosynthesis
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Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype*
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Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype*
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Influenza A virus / immunology*
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Influenza A virus / isolation & purification
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Influenza Vaccines / administration & dosage
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Influenza Vaccines / immunology*
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Influenza, Human / prevention & control*
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Injections, Intramuscular
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Nasal Cavity / immunology
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Nasal Cavity / microbiology
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Random Allocation
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Vaccines, Attenuated / administration & dosage
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Vaccines, Attenuated / immunology
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Vaccines, Inactivated / administration & dosage
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Vaccines, Inactivated / immunology
Substances
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Antibodies, Viral
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Immunoglobulin A
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Immunoglobulin A, Secretory
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Immunoglobulin G
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Influenza Vaccines
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Vaccines, Attenuated
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Vaccines, Inactivated