This review attempts to visualize the actual impact of nanocellulose-based materials in different areas. A detailed search in recent patent databases on nanocellulose showed the importance of this material, as well as relevant topics concerning its technological preparations to obtain versatile new composites materials, and the applications of nanocellulose in different domains. At the present moment, the most common techniques for nanocellulose preparation were found to be acid and enzymatic procedures, oxidation, electrospinning, high pressure homogenization, and steam explosion processes. Concerning nanocellulose composites, several aspects were found in recent patents ranging from simple to complex structures with different properties. As unique materials, nanocellulose can be used in different areas of expertise, such as in biomedical and technical applications. This review is a useful tool for researchers to provide an update on nanocellulose patents in an expanding and interesting field of nanotechnology.