Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated by overexpression of Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4 in murine fibroblasts. By conducting a microRNA (miRNA) library screen, we identified a set of miRNAs critically regulating iPSC formation. We revealed a new miRNA family (miR-130/301/721) as an important regulator of iPSC induction by targeting the homeobox transcription factor Meox2 (also known as Gax). Meox2-specific silencing mimicked the effects of this miRNA family on reprogramming. Mechanistically, miRNA-resistant Meox2 overexpression abrogated effects of miR-130/301/721 on reprogramming. In conclusion, the miRNA family miR-130/301/721 enhances iPSC generation via repression of Meox2.