Pseudo-random arterial modulation (PRAM): a novel arterial spin labeling approach to measure flow and blood transit times

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Jan;35(1):223-8. doi: 10.1002/jmri.22844. Epub 2011 Oct 11.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate blood flow and transit time measurement, using the pseudo-random arterial modulation (PRAM).

Materials and methods: PRAM is based on a pseudo-random sequence of inversions and noninversions of the arterial blood at a labeling plane inferior to the imaging plane. To accomplish this, a pseudo-continuous tagging is used to create inversion or noninversion prepulses before a gradient echo sequence and tested on phantoms and human volunteers.

Results: We have shown here that the PRAM technique can measure the velocity profile and the transit time accurately and efficiently both in a phantom and in vivo in a human brain.

Conclusion: PRAM does not require separate control and label acquisition as is common in arterial spin labeling (ASL) but rather measures the distribution of transit times to a voxel within one integrated scan. The PRAM method is a model-free approach in measuring transit time distributions, and therefore ultimately should provide more accurate perfusion measurements.

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Arteries / pathology*
  • Blood Flow Velocity*
  • Brain / pathology
  • Cerebrovascular Circulation
  • Diagnostic Imaging / methods
  • Humans
  • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods*
  • Models, Statistical
  • Perfusion
  • Phantoms, Imaging
  • Spin Labels

Substances

  • Spin Labels