Stereotactic radiosurgery is used for many neoplastic, vascular, and functional disorders of the nervous system. The expanded use of this technique over the past two decades is based mainly on the spectrum of clinical research performed for these disorders. From case series to randomized trials, the safety and efficacy of radiosurgery is well documented. In this report, we discuss the key indications for radiosurgery and the kinds of research performed in this field.