Life-threatening hepatitis C virus-associated polyarteritis nodosa successfully treated by rituximab

J Clin Rheumatol. 2011 Dec;17(8):439-41. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0b013e31823a58d7.

Abstract

By contrast to cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is rare and still a controversial entity. The best treatment for this condition is not established. Cases reported in the literature have been treated with various combinations of corticosteroids, antiviral therapy, and immunosuppressants. We report a case of severe life-threatening HCV-associated polyarteritis nodosa successfully treated with rituximab and a short course of corticosteroids without antiviral therapy. This case, along with recently published data, emphasizes the value of B-cell-targeted therapy in this unusual form of HCV-associated vasculitis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / administration & dosage*
  • B-Lymphocytes / drug effects
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Glucocorticoids / administration & dosage*
  • Hepacivirus / pathogenicity*
  • Hepatitis C, Chronic / diagnosis
  • Hepatitis C, Chronic / drug therapy*
  • Hepatitis C, Chronic / virology
  • Humans
  • Immunologic Factors / administration & dosage*
  • Ischemia / diagnosis
  • Ischemia / drug therapy*
  • Ischemia / virology
  • Male
  • Mesenteric Ischemia
  • Middle Aged
  • Polyarteritis Nodosa / diagnosis
  • Polyarteritis Nodosa / drug therapy*
  • Polyarteritis Nodosa / virology
  • Rituximab
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Vascular Diseases / diagnosis
  • Vascular Diseases / drug therapy*
  • Vascular Diseases / virology

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Immunologic Factors
  • Rituximab