High tissue-transglutaminase antibody level predicts small intestinal villous atrophy in adult patients at high risk of celiac disease

Dig Liver Dis. 2012 Apr;44(4):280-5. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2011.10.013. Epub 2011 Nov 25.

Abstract

Background: Duodenal biopsy may be unnecessary to confirm celiac disease in patients with high tissue-transglutaminase antibody level.

Aims: To define a cut-off value of tissue-transglutaminase antibody with high positive likelihood ratio for duodenal atrophy in patients with suspected celiac disease.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 945 patients with suspected celiac disease and classified according to the method used for tissue-transglutaminase antibody assay: Group A (n=393, Eu-tTG® Eurospital), Group B (n=263; Eu-tTG® Eurospital) and Group C (n=289; Celikey® Phadia). Duodenal histology was graded according to Marsh. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio were used to evaluate cut-off points of tissue-transglutaminase antibody as predictor of villous atrophy.

Results: 100% specificity and ∞ positive likelihood ratio for duodenal atrophy was observed at a cut-off value of tissue-transglutaminase antibody 5 times higher than the upper limit of normal. CD diagnosis was confirmed by concordance with antiendomysial antibodies, and by reduction of t-TG titre in all patients and improvement of duodenal histology in 80% during gluten-free diet.

Conclusions: Tissue-transglutaminase antibody level 5-folds the upper limit of normal is 100% specific for duodenal atrophy and using this cut-off biopsy could by avoided in 1/3 of patients. Diagnostic criteria of celiac disease in adults need revision.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antibodies / blood*
  • Area Under Curve
  • Atrophy
  • Biopsy
  • Celiac Disease / diet therapy
  • Celiac Disease / immunology*
  • Celiac Disease / pathology*
  • Diet, Gluten-Free
  • Duodenum / pathology*
  • Female
  • GTP-Binding Proteins / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Likelihood Functions
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2
  • ROC Curve
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Transglutaminases / immunology*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antibodies
  • Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2
  • Transglutaminases
  • GTP-Binding Proteins