Spatial distribution and temporal trend in concentration of carbofuran, diazinon and chlorpyrifos ethyl residues in sediment and water in Lake Naivasha, Kenya

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2012 Apr;88(4):526-32. doi: 10.1007/s00128-012-0529-7. Epub 2012 Feb 10.

Abstract

Chlorpyrifos ethyl was found to be widely distributed in water and sediment in Lake Naivasha. Higher levels were reported in sediment (11.2-30.0 ng g(-1) dry weight (dw) in wet season than in dry season (4.7-17.4 ng g(-1) dw). The mean concentration of chlorpyrifos ethyl in water in wet season ranged between 8.8 and 26.6 μg L(-1) and decreased to between below detection limit to 14.0 μg L(-1) in dry season. On average, higher concentrations of chlorpyrifos ethyl were observed in sediment than water samples. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in concentration between the seasons, and a significant interaction between seasons and mean concentrations at p ≤ 0.05. However, levels of diazinon and carbofuran were below the detection limit in all the samples analyzed. Notably, levels of chlorpyrifos ethyl were higher than the maximum allowable limits (0.1 μg L(-1)) recommended by European Union for drinking water and general water quality criterion for protection of freshwater water organisms (0.083 μg L(-1)).

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Carbofuran / analysis*
  • Chlorpyrifos / analysis*
  • Diazinon / analysis*
  • Environmental Monitoring
  • Geologic Sediments / chemistry
  • Insecticides / analysis*
  • Kenya
  • Lakes / chemistry
  • Pesticide Residues / analysis*
  • Seasons
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*
  • Water Pollution, Chemical / statistics & numerical data

Substances

  • Insecticides
  • Pesticide Residues
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • Chlorpyrifos
  • Carbofuran
  • Diazinon