Nanoparticles disguised as red blood cells to evade the immune system

Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012 Apr;12(4):385-9. doi: 10.1517/14712598.2012.661710. Epub 2012 Feb 15.

Abstract

The development of nanoparticle platforms with long in vivo circulation half-life has long been one of the major goals in the field of cancer drug delivery. Long-circulating nanoparticles can more effectively localize to the tumor site through either passive or active targeting mechanisms. The current gold standard for bestowing long-circulating attributes involves the use of PEG, which surrounds the particles with a hydration layer and thereby prevents recognition by the mononuclear phagocyte system. Recently, a new strategy for synthesizing biomimetic nanoparticles has been inspired by the body's own long-circulating entities, red blood cells (RBCs). Such a system disguises drug nanocarriers as 'self' using membrane materials directly derived from RBCs. This method has been demonstrated to prolong particle systemic circulation half-life beyond that of the corresponding PEGylated systems. The RBC membrane-coated nanoparticles present a major breakthrough in drug delivery technology and show great promise for clinical applications. Herein we highlight the significance and the unique features of this nature-inspired nanoparticle platform and offer opinions on its future prospects.

Publication types

  • Editorial
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Biomimetic Materials / administration & dosage*
  • Drug Delivery Systems*
  • Erythrocytes / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Immune System / physiology*
  • Nanoparticles / administration & dosage*